For patients with metastatic disease at presentation or those in which bladder cancer cells are present outside the bladder wall or in lymph nodes during radical cystectomy systemic usually intravenous chemotherapy is the treatment of choice.
Cancer outside the bladder wall.
But my daughter saw a urologist who did a blue light cystoscopy which showed 2 spots on the inside of the bladder which were not muscle invasive.
Over time they can spread deeper into the other layers.
The cancer is in the bladder rectum or organs far from the uterus such as the lungs.
The transitional epithelium on the picture is the lining layer where most bladder cancers start.
The cancer has spread to the bladder or rectum and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
As the cancer grows through the layers of the bladder wall it becomes harder to treat.
Beneath the urothelium is a thin layer of connective tissue blood vessels and nerves.
In stage iii the cancer has spread to the fatty tissue outside the bladder muscle.
The median ageof diagnosis is 69 for men and 71 for women.
Urothelial cells are also found in your kidneys and the tubes ureters that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
During the surgery the surgeon saw a spot on the outside of her bladder so he removed it and biopsied it.
Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells urothelial cells that line the inside of your bladder.
Urothelial cancer can happen in the kidneys and ureters too but it s much more common in the bladder.
T4 means cancer has grown outside the bladder or into the prostate womb or vagina or into the wall of the pelvis the area between the hip bones or tummy abdomen your doctor also looks at.
Although urothelial carcinomas bladder cancers always start at the inner lining of the bladder as they grow they can burrow deeper and enlarge within or through the wall of the bladder while not increasing in size within the cavity of the bladder.
In stage iv the cancer has metastasized from the bladder to the lymph nodes or to other organs or bones.
In stage ii cancer has spread to the muscle wall of the bladder.
Outside of this muscle a layer of fatty connective tissue separates the bladder from other nearby organs.
It was a small cell carcinoma.
Next is a thick layer of muscle.
Low grade bladder cancer is less likelythan high grade bladder cancer to spread into the muscle wall of the bladder and beyond.
The surgeon was 100 sure his words that he got it all.
Whether cancer has spread to any lymph nodes this is called the n stage.
